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The history of animal welfare and rights dates back to ancient civilizations, where animals were considered an integral part of human life. In many cultures, animals were revered and protected, and their treatment was often guided by spiritual and philosophical beliefs. However, with the advent of modern agriculture, industrialization, and scientific research, animals began to be viewed as commodities and tools, leading to a decline in their welfare and status.
Shortly after, philosopher Tom Regan introduced a rights-based approach in The Case for Animal Rights (1983). Regan argued that animals are "subjects-of-a-life" with inherent value, meaning they have a moral right to not be treated as means to human ends. The Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare