Endocrine disorders, such as hyperthyroidism in cats or Cushing’s disease in dogs, can cause extreme restlessness, vocalization, and anxiety-like symptoms. The Evolution of the Low-Stress Clinic
$$R_0 = \beta \times D \times \tau$$ Where $R_0$ is the basic reproduction number, $\beta$ is the transmission rate, D is the duration of infectivity and $\tau$ is the time.
High stress levels trigger the release of cortisol, which suppresses the immune system and delays wound healing. Minimizing fear during veterinary visits directly improves clinical outcomes.
